
Description
Nanomaterial research involves particles whose at least a single spatial dimension is smaller than one micrometer. This includes graphene sheets, nanotubes, nanowires, quantum dots and related objects. Nanomaterials can be manufactured using top-down and bottom-up methods. Bottom-up methods are based on assembly of atoms and molecules into nanostructures, while top down methods create nanoparticles from macroscopic objects using such processes as litography.